OrgoLex
Organic chemistry terms explained in plain language, each linked to related reactions, reagents and functional groups.
- Absorbance
- Absorption Spectrum
- Acetal
- Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
- Acetylide Ion
- Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
- Acidic Cleavage
- Activate
- Acyl Group
- Acyl Peroxide
- Acylium Ion
- Addition Polymers
- Addition Reaction
- Addition to π Bond
- Adrenocortical Hormones
- Alcohol
- Aldaric Acid
- Alditol
- Aldol Addition Reaction
- Aldol Condensation
- Aldonic Acid
- Aldose
- Alkaloids
- Alkanamine
- Alkane
- Alkene
- Alkoxide
- Alkoxy Substituent
- Alkoxymercuration–Demercuration
- Alkyl Amines
- Alkyl Group
- Alkyl Halide
- Alkylation
- Alkylthio Group
- Alkyne
- Alkynide Ion
- Allylic
- Allylic Bromination
- Allylic Carbocation
- Amidomalonate Synthesis
- Amine
- Angle Strain
- Annulenes
- Anti Conformation
- Anti-Addition
- Anti-Coplanar
- Anti-Markovnikov Addition
- Anti-Periplanar
- Antiaromatic
- Antibonding MO
- Antioxidants
- Arenium Ion
- Aromatic
- Aryl Amine
- Asymmetric Hydrogenation
- Asymmetric Stretching
- Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
- Atomic Orbital
- Aufbau Principle
- Auto-Oxidation
- Autocatalytic
- Auxochrome
- Axial Position
- Axis of Symmetry
- Azide Synthesis
- Azo Coupling
- Azo Dyes
- Back-Side Attack
- Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation
- Base Peak
- Beer’s Law
- Bending
- Bent
- Benzylic Position
- Benzyne
- Bicyclic
- Bimolecular
- Biodegradable Polymers
- Birch Reduction
- Block Copolymer
- Blocking Group
- Boat Conformation
- Bond Cleavage
- Bond Dissociation Energy
- Bond-Line Structure
- Bonding MO
- Branched Polymer
- Bredt’s Rule
- Bridgeheads
- Broadband Decoupling
- Bromohydrin
- Bromonium Ion
- Brønsted–Lowry Acid
- Brønsted–Lowry Base
- C Terminus
- Carbinolamine
- Carbocation
- Carbohydrates
- Carbonyl Group
- Carboxylic Acid Derivative
- Catalyst
- Catalytic Hydrogenation
- Cation
- Cellular Respiration
- Cephalins
- CFCs
- Chain Branching
- Chain Reaction
- Chain-Growth Polymer
- Chair Conformation
- Chemical Shift
- Chemically Equivalent
- Chiral
- Chirality Center
- Chlorohydrin
- Chromatogram
- Chromophore
- Claisen Condensation
- Claisen Rearrangement
- Clemmensen Reduction
- Column Chromatography
- Complex Lipid
- Condensation Polymer
- Condensed Structure
- Configuration
- Conformation
- Conjugate Acid
- Conjugate Addition
- Conjugate Base
- Conjugated
- Conjugated Diene
- Conrotatory
- Conservation of Orbital Symmetry
- Constitutional Isomers
- Constructive Interference
- Continuous-Wave Spectrometer
- Cope Rearrangement
- Coplanar
- Copolymer
- Coupling Constant (J)
- Coupling of Protons
- Coupling of Radicals
- Covalent Bond
- Cross-Linked Polymer
- Crossed Aldol Reaction
- Crossed Claisen Condensation
- Crown Ether
- Crystallite
- Cumulated Diene
- Curved Arrows
- Cyanohydrin
- Cycloaddition Reaction
- Cycloalkane
- D-Sugar
- Dash
- Deactivate
- Debye (D)
- Decarboxylation
- Degenerate
- Degenerate Orbitals
- Degree of Substitution
- Degree of Unsaturation
- Dehydration
- Dehydrohalogenation
- Delocalization
- Delocalized
- Denaturation
- DEPT ¹³C NMR
- Deshielded
- Desulfurization
- Dextrorotatory
- Diagnostic Region
- Diamagnetic Anisotropy
- Diamagnetism
- Diastereomers
- Diastereotopic
- Diazonium Salt
- Diazotization
- Diborane
- Dieckmann Cyclization
- Diene
- Dienophile
- Dihedral Angle
- Dihydroxylation
- Diol
- Dipole Moment (μ)
- Dipole–Dipole Interactions
- Directed Aldol Addition
- Disaccharide
- Disrotatory
- Dissolving Metal Reduction
- Disulfide
- Disulfide Bridge
- Divalent
- Doublet
- Downfield
- E
- E1
- E1cb Mechanism
- E2
- Eclipsed Conformation
- Edman Degradation
- Eicosanoids
- Elastomers
- Electrocyclic Reaction
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Electron Density
- Electron Impact Ionization (EI)
- Electrophile
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- Electrophoresis
- Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
- Electrostatic Potential Map
- Elimination
- Elimination of Radicals
- Elimination–Addition
- Enamine
- Enantiomer
- Enantiomeric Excess (ee)
- Enantiomerically Pure
- Enantiotopic
- Endergonic
- Endo
- Endothermic
- Energy of Activation
- Enol
- Enolate
- Enthalpy
- Entropy
- Enzymes
- Epimer
- Epoxide
- Equatorial Position
- Equilibrium
- Estrogens
- Ether
- Excited State
- Exergonic
- Exo
- Exothermic
- Fats
- Fatty Acids
- Fibers
- Fibrous Proteins
- Fingerprint Region
- First Order
- Fischer Esterification
- Fischer Projection
- Fishhook Arrow
- Flagpole Interactions
- Formal Charge
- Fragmentation
- Free Induction Decay
- Freons
- Frequency
- Friedel–Crafts Acylation
- Friedel–Crafts Alkylation
- Frontier Orbital Theory
- Frontier Orbitals
- Frost Circles
- FT-NMR
- Functional Group
- Furanose
- Gabriel Synthesis
- Gauche Conformation
- Gauche Interaction
- GC–MS
- Geminal
- Gibbs Free Energy
- Gilman Reagent
- Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
- Globular Proteins
- Glycoside
- Graft Copolymer
- Grignard Reagent
- Haloalkane
- Haloform Reaction
- Halogen Abstraction
- Halogenation
- Halohydrin Formation
- Hammond Postulate
- Haworth Projection
- HCFCs
- HDI
- Heat of Combustion
- Heat of Reaction
- Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky Reaction
- Hemiacetal
- Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation
- Heterocycle
- Heterogeneous Catalyst
- Heterolytic Bond Cleavage
- HFCs
- High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
- Hofmann Elimination
- Hofmann Product
- HOMO
- Homogeneous Catalyst
- Homolytic Bond Cleavage
- Homopolymer
- Homotopic
- Hückel’s Rule
- Hund’s Rule
- Hydrate
- Hydration
- Hydrazone
- Hydride Shift
- Hydroboration–Oxidation
- Hydrocracking
- Hydrogen Abstraction
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Hydrohalogenation
- Hydrolysis
- Hydroperoxide
- Hydrophilic
- Hydrophobic
- Hydroxyl Group
- Hyperconjugation
- Imidazole
- Imine
- Induction
- Initiation
- Integration
- Intermediate
- Intermolecular Forces
- Internal Alkyne
- Inversion of Configuration
- Ionic Bond
- Ionic Reaction
- Isoelectric Point (pI)
- Isolated Diene
- Isoprene
- Isotactic
- IUPAC
- J Value
- Ka
- Keq
- Keto–Enol Tautomerization
- Ketose
- Kiliani–Fischer Synthesis
- Kinetic Control
- Kinetics
- L-Amino Acid
- L-Sugar
- Labile
- Lactone
- Leaving Group
- Lecithins
- Leveling Effect
- Levorotatory
- Lewis Acid
- Lewis Base
- Lewis Structure
- Linear Polymer
- Lipid
- Lipid Bilayer
- Lithium Dialkyl Cuprate
- Living Polymer
- Localized Lone Pair
- Locant
- London Dispersion Forces
- Lone Pair
- Loss of a Leaving Group
- LUMO
- Magnetic Moment
- Malonic Ester Synthesis
- Markovnikov Addition
- Mass Spectrometer
- Mass Spectrometry
- Mass Spectrum
- Mass-to-Charge Ratio (m/z)
- Meisenheimer Complex
- Melt Transition Temperature (Tm)
- Mercapto Group
- Mercurinium Ion
- Merrifield Synthesis
- Meso Compound
- Meta
- Meta Director
- Methine Group
- Methyl Shift
- Methylene Group
- Micelle
- Michael Acceptor
- Michael Donor
- Michael Reaction
- Migratory Aptitude
- Miscible
- Mixed Aldol Reaction
- Moderate Activators
- Moderate Deactivators
- Molar Absorptivity (ε)
- Molecular Dipole Moment
- Molecular Ion
- Molecular Orbital Theory
- Molecular Orbitals
- Monosaccharides
- Monovalent
- Multiplet
- Multiplicity
- Mutarotation
- N Terminus
- N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS)
- N-Glycoside
- N-Nitrosamine
- n+1 Rule
- Newman Projection
- Nitration
- Nitrogen Rule
- Nitronium Ion
- Nitrosonium Ion
- Nitrous Acid
- NMR
- Node
- Nomenclature
- Nonaromatic
- Norbornane
- Nucleophile
- Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
- Nucleophilic Attack
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Observed Rotation
- Octet Rule
- Off-Resonance Decoupling
- Oils
- Oligomers
- Optically Active
- Optically Inactive
- Optically Pure
- Organohalide
- Ortho
- Ortho–Para Director
- Oxaphosphetane
- Oxidation
- Oxidation State
- Oxime
- Oxirane
- Oxonium Ion
- Oxymercuration–Demercuration
- Ozonolysis
- PAHs
- Para
- Parent Ion
- Partially Condensed Structure
- Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Peptidases
- Peptide
- Peptide Bond
- Pericyclic Reactions
- Periplanar
- Peroxides
- Phenolate
- Phenoxide
- Phenyl Group
- Phosphatidic Acid
- Phosphoglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Photochemical Reaction
- Photon
- Physiological pH
- Plane of Symmetry
- Plane-Polarized Light
- Plasticizers
- Polar Aprotic Solvent
- Polar Covalent Bond
- Polar Reaction
- Polarimeter
- Polarizability
- Polarization
- Polycarbonates
- Polyether
- Polynucleotide
- Polysaccharides
- Polyurethanes
- Primary (1°)
- Primary Alkyl Halide
- Primary Structure
- Progestins
- Propagation
- Prostaglandins
- Prosthetic Group
- Protecting Group
- Proteins
- Protic Solvent
- Proton Transfer
- PVC
- Pyranose Ring
- Pyrimidine
- Quantum Mechanics
- Quartet
- Quaternary Ammonium Salt
- Quaternary Structure
- Quintet
- R
- Racemic Mixture
- Radical
- Radical Anion
- Radical Inhibitor
- Radical Initiator
- Random Copolymer
- Rate Equation
- Rate-Determining Step
- Reaction Mechanism
- Rearrangement
- Reducing Agent
- Reducing Sugar
- Reduction
- Reductive Amination
- Regiochemistry
- Regioselective
- Replacement Test
- Resolution
- Resolving Agents
- Resonance
- Resonance Hybrid
- Resonance Stabilization
- Resonance Structures
- Retention of Configuration
- Retention Time
- Retro Diels–Alder Reaction
- Retro-Aldol Reaction
- Retrosynthetic Analysis
- Ring Flip
- Robinson Annulation
- S
- s-Cis
- s-Trans
- Sandmeyer Reaction
- Saponification
- Saturated
- Saturated Hydrocarbon
- Schiemann Reaction
- Second Order
- Secondary (2°)
- Secondary Alkyl Halide
- Secondary Structure
- Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation
- Shielded
- Sigma (σ) Bond
- Sigma Complex
- Sigmatropic Rearrangement
- Simple Lipid
- Singlet
- SN1
- SN2
- Sodium Cyanoborohydride
- Soluble
- Solvent Extraction
- Solvolysis
- sp-Hybridized Orbitals
- sp²-Hybridized Orbitals
- sp³-Hybridized Orbitals
- Specific Rotation
- Spectroscopy
- Spin–Spin Splitting
- Spontaneous
- Staggered Conformation
- Standard Atomic Weight
- Step-Growth Polymers
- Stereoisomers
- Stereoselective
- Stereospecific
- Steric Number
- Sterically Hindered
- Steroids
- Stork Enamine Synthesis
- Strecker Synthesis
- Stretching
- Strong Activators
- Strong Deactivators
- Structural Proteins
- Substituents
- Substitution Reaction
- Substrate
- Sulfide
- Sulfonate Ions
- Sulfonation
- Sulfone
- Sulfoxide
- Superimposable
- Symmetric Stretching
- Symmetrical Ether
- Symmetry Allowed
- Symmetry Forbidden
- Syn Addition
- Syn-Coplanar
- Syndiotactic
- Systematic Name
- Tautomers
- Terminal Alkyne
- Termination
- Termolecular
- Terpenes
- Tertiary (3°)
- Tertiary Alkyl Halide
- Tertiary Structure
- Tetrahedral
- Tetrahedral Intermediate
- Tetravalent
- Thermodynamic Control
- Thermodynamics
- Thermoplastics
- Thermosetting Resins
- Thioacetal
- Thiolate
- Thiols
- Third Order
- Three-Center, Two-Electron Bond
- Torsional Angle
- Torsional Strain
- Tosylate
- Transition State
- Transport Protein
- Triglyceride
- Trigonal Planar
- Trigonal Pyramidal
- Triplet
- Trivalent
- Twist Boat
- Unimolecular
- Unsaturated
- Unsymmetrical Ether
- Upfield
- Valence Bond Theory
- Vibrational Excitation
- Vicinal
- Vinylic
- Vinylic Carbocation
- VSEPR Theory
- Wavelength
- Wavenumber
- Waxes
- Weak Activators
- Weak Deactivators
- Wedge
- Williamson Ether Synthesis
- Wittig Reaction
- Wittig Reagent
- Wohl Degradation
- Woodward–Fieser Rules
- Ylide
- Z
- Zaitsev Product
- Zwitterion
- α-Amino Acid
- α-Position
- β-Anomer
- β-Elimination
- β-Pleated Sheet
- β-Position
- λmax
- π Bond